Organic Manure Production Plant In Afghanistan

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Main construction content and scale

The organic manure production plant in Afghanistan project has a construction area of 1,800 square meters, including 700 square meters of organic fertilizer production workshop, 200 square meters of raw material warehouse, 700 square meters of finished product warehouse, and 200 square meters of comprehensive office.

Fermentation tanks, dung crushers, manure mixing machines, organic fertilizer granulator machines, fertilizer crusher machine and other equipment are purchased, and supporting roads, parking lots, greening, walls, environmental protection facilities, power supply and distribution, water supply and drainage, fire protection and other public auxiliary projects are built to build an organic fertilizer production line.

After the project is completed, it can form an annual production capacity of 50,000 tons of organic fertilizer. The main project construction content and scale of the project are shown in the following table:

Engineering composition	Name	Construction content
Main engineering	Production workshop	One floor 8 meters, steel structure, area 1800m2, one organic fertilizer production line is arranged on the south side of the workshop,
Auxiliary engineering	Office area	Located on the east side of the factory, with a construction area of ​​200m2
Storage and transportation engineering	Raw material workshop	Located on the east side of the workshop, the workshop is closed and used for auxiliary material storage, with an area of ​​200m2
	Finished product warehouse	Located on the west side of the workshop, used for organic fertilizer product storage, with an area of ​​700m2
Public engineering	Water supply	From the local water supply network, water consumption is 450t/a
	Drainage	The wastewater of this project is mainly domestic sewage, which is used for farmland fertilization after pre-treatment in septic tanks and is not discharged.
	Power supply	Power supply is from the local power supply network, with an annual power consumption of 265,000 kwh

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Product plan

The production capacity of this organic manure production plant in Afghanistan project after operation is as follows:

No.	Name	Annual output	Packaging specifications	Remarks
1	Organic fertilizer (powder)	40,000 tons	Bagged, 40kg/bag	Moisture ≤30%
2	Organic fertilizer (granular)	10,000 tons	Bagged, 40kg/bag	Moisture ≤30%

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Product standards

The organic fertilizer processed in this organic manure production plant in Afghanistan project complies with relevant industry standards, see the table below for details.

Item	Technical indicators
Mass fraction of organic matter (on a dry basis), %	≥30
Mass fraction of total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) (on a dry basis), %	≥4.0
Mass fraction of water (fresh sample), %	≤30.0
pH (pH)	5.5~8.5
Mass fraction of mechanical impurities, %	≥70
Total arsenic (As), mg/kg	≤15
Total mercury (Hg), mg/kg	≤2
Total lead (Pb), mg/kg	≤50
Total cadmium (Cd), mg/kg	≤3
Total chromium (Cr), mg/kg	≤150
Fecal coliform count, pieces/g	≤100
Ascaris egg mortality, %	≥95

Note:

• ① Maturity: refers to the degree of maturity of compost, which refers to the degree to which organic matter in compost reaches stability after mineralization and humification.
• ② Prohibited raw materials such as fly ash, steel slag, sludge, and domestic waste (except for kitchen waste after classification and aging) that pose safety hazards are not used in the production process.

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Main raw and auxiliary materials and energy consumption

The main raw and auxiliary materials and energy consumption of this organic manure production plant in Afghanistan project are shown in the table below:

Product Name	Category	Material Name	Status	Annual Consumption	Maximum Storage Capacity	Remarks
Organic Fertilizer	Raw materials	Livestock and poultry manure	Semi-solid	52000t	204t	Pre-fermented, moisture content ≈50%
		Charcoal powder	Powdered	6000t	40t	Bagged, 25kg/bag
		EM complex bacteria	Powdered	0.5t	0.1t	Bag, 5kg/bag
		Formula elements (N, P, K)	Powder	2500t	10t	Bag, 50kg/bag
	Auxiliary materials	Packaging bags	/	1.25 million	300,000	Warehouse
Note: The production process does not use fly ash, steel slag, sludge, domestic waste (except for kitchen waste after classification and aging), materials containing invasive alien species, materials prohibited by laws and regulations, and other prohibited raw materials with safety hazards.

Description of some raw and auxiliary materials:

Livestock and poultry manure (pre-fermentation): The animal manure purchased by the project comes from chicken farms and cattle farms around Ruji Town. The company has signed purchase contracts with multiple farms.

EM compound bacteria: EM bacteria is a mixed bacteria that generally includes photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, subtilis, Bacillus and other beneficial bacteria. It can be used for food additives, aquaculture disease prevention and control, soil improvement, rooting and strengthening seedlings, sewage treatment, etc.

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Afghanistan organic manure production plant design

The finished organic fertilizer of this organic manure production plant in Afghanistan project is divided into powdered organic fertilizer and granular organic fertilizer. The powdered organic fertilizer product can be packaged as a finished product after crushing, adding formula elements and carbon powder. Granular organic fertilizer needs to be mixed and granulated and cooled before being packaged as a finished product.

(1) Receiving raw materials materials

The raw materials of the organic manure production plant in Afghanistan project are mainly pre-fermented poultry manure (naturally fermented for about 30 days before being transported to the factory), all of which are sourced from surrounding towns, and are transported to the factory by professional closed tank trucks.

There is no temporary storage facility for manure in the factory, and the poultry manure transported to the factory is directly transferred to the fermentation tank, and EM compound is added for uniform mixing.

(2) Secondary decomposition

The uniformly mixed materials are secondary decomposed in the fermentation tank (electric heating), mainly to further decompose the incompletely fermented insect eggs, platycodon and other difficult-to-ferment materials in the purchased fermented poultry chicken manure, which takes about 7 to 10 days.

(3) Crushing and screening

The organic fertilizer base material is crushed after being decomposed, and the crushed material enters the closed screening machine for screening;

(4) Mixing

According to product requirements, the formula elements and carbon powder are mixed evenly in the fertilizer blending machine, one part of which is packaged as powdered organic fertilizer, and the other part is carried out to the next process;

(5) Granulation

The mixed material is transported to the organic fertilizer granulator through a closed conveyor belt and granulated by the fertilizer granulator machine;

(6) Cooling

The organic fertilizer granules are naturally cooled and cooled by conveying on the chicken manure conveyor belt.

(7) Packaging and delivery

After the product is sent to the packaging machine for packaging (bags, 40kg/bag), it is the finished organic fertilizer.

Note:

The raw materials (pre-fermented poultry manure) of the organic manure production plant in Afghanistan project are transported to the factory by professional closed tank trucks; there is no temporary storage facility for manure in the factory, and the poultry manure transported to the factory is directly transferred to the fermentation tank, and after production and processing, it is packaged into bags (40kg/bag) for sale.

Therefore, the overflow of odor can be minimized during the process of raw material storage, production, and product sales; at the same time, the dust in the production process is collected by the gas hood and then treated by the bag dust collector and discharged at high altitude through a 15m high exhaust pipe.

The decomposed waste gas is collected by negative pressure in the closed workshop, and the odorous gas is introduced into the biological deodorizer for deodorization by the induced draft fan and then discharged at high altitude through a 15m high exhaust pipe.

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Main organic manure production equipment

The list of main fertilizer making machines used in this organic manure production plant in Afghanistan project are shown in the table below:

No.	Equipment Name	QTY	Remarks
1	Fermentation Tank	18	34m³/unit
2	fertilizer grinding machine	3	5t/h
3	Screening Machine	3	7t/h
4	Powder Sprayer	3	1t/h
5	manure mixer	3	/
6	manure pellet machine	3	5t/h
7	Formulation element adder	3	/
8	pellet Cooler	3	/
9	manure bagging machine	6	/

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Process description of the civil engineering stage

In the civil engineering stage, the project customer found a local contractor, and the overall construction process of this organic manure production plant in Afghanistan project is as follows:

① Foundation engineering

The organic manure production plant in Afghanistan project uses the construction waste, gravel, sand and clay generated during the construction process as fill materials. Use rollers to roll in sections and water the fill to facilitate compaction. Then use lifting machinery to lift a special heavy hammer to impact the surface of the base soil to compact the foundation. Generally, the tamping is 8-12 times.

②Main engineering

The main engineering of the organic fertilizer processing plant project is mainly drilling and pouring, cast-in-place steel concrete columns and beams, and brick wall construction. Construction project After drilling with drilling equipment, pour with reinforced concrete. When pouring, inject pre-mixed concrete, vibrate as you pour, and vibrate evenly to prevent the concrete from being unsolid and the slurry from floating.

Then, according to the construction drawings, the steel bars are batched and processed, installed on the set formwork, and the concrete is poured in time and continuously, and compacted to form the concrete.

When the construction project is building brick walls, the cement mortar is first mixed, and then the line is hung for masonry. The construction period of this section is relatively long, and the main pollutants are noise and exhaust generated by the mixer, waste water when mixing mortar, broken bricks and waste sand and other solid wastes.

③ Decoration engineering

Use various processing machines to process materials according to drawings, and at the same time make roofs. This process generates a small amount of dust. A small amount of organic waste gas is volatilized.

④ Equipment installation

The main pollutants during the installation stage of production equipment are noise and exhaust gas generated by construction machinery.

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Analysis of rationality of general layout

The composting workshop is located on the southeast side of the workshop, granulation and packaging are on the west side of the workshop, the finished product is located on the north side of the factory workshop, and the office area is on the east side of the workshop.

The general layout of this Afghanistan organic fertilizer factory project has clear functional divisions and smooth process flow, which ensures smooth maintenance and material transportation, greatly promoting the production efficiency of the project.

The layout of high-noise production equipment takes into account the production process while also taking into account the dispersed layout, combining noise and quietness, and maximizing the reduction of equipment operation noise.

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Public works

(1) Water supply:

The water used in this project comes from the local water supply network.

(2) Drainage

This project adopts a drainage system that separates rainwater and sewage. Rainwater is discharged into nearby ditches through the rainwater pipes in the factory area. Domestic sewage is treated in a septic tank and used for fertilizing the farmland without being discharged.

(3) Power supply

The power supply for the project is provided by the local power grid, with an annual consumption of 265,000 KWh. The project is equipped with a substation, which is powered by the local power grid. The substation supplies power to the power distribution box in a radial manner, and the power distribution box supplies power to various electrical appliances in a combination of radial and branch-type.

(4) Fire protection

In order to meet the fire protection needs of this project, the plant planning needs to ensure fire safety. Fire passages and fire equipment should be reasonably arranged according to regulations, legal fire protection distances should be maintained, fire hydrants should be installed in accordance with regulations, and fire hydrants and other devices should be inspected regularly.

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What is the prospect of building a manure organic fertilizer production line in Afghanistan?

The prospect of building an organic manure production plant in Afghanistan has certain potential, but it also faces many challenges. The following is a detailed analysis:

Potential advantages

(1) Agricultural foundation and fertilizer demand

• Agriculture as the leading industry: Afghanistan’s economy is mainly based on agriculture, and the agricultural population accounts for a large proportion of the total population. Fertilizer is an important input for agricultural production, but due to long-term wars and economic difficulties, the supply of fertilizer is insufficient and the price is high.
• Market space for organic fertilizer: Manure organic fertilizer can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer. It is low-cost and environmentally friendly, suitable for Afghanistan’s agricultural status. With the recovery and development of agriculture, the demand for organic fertilizer is expected to grow.

(2) Adequate supply of raw materials

• Developed animal husbandry: Afghanistan has a large scale of animal husbandry, with a large number of cattle, sheep and other livestock, and rich manure resources. These manure can be used as the main raw material for the production of organic fertilizer, with sufficient supply and low cost.
• Utilization of agricultural waste: In addition to livestock manure, agricultural waste such as crop straw can also be used as raw materials for organic fertilizer, realizing the recycling of resources.

(3) Environmental protection and sustainable development needs

• Soil degradation problem: Long-term war and unreasonable agricultural practices have caused serious soil degradation in Afghanistan. Organic fertilizer can improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, and promote sustainable agricultural development.
• Reducing environmental pollution: If feces are discharged directly without treatment, it will pollute the environment. By producing organic fertilizer, feces can be used as a resource and environmental pollution can be reduced.

(4) Policy support potential

• Agricultural recovery policy: With the support of the international community, the Afghan government is promoting agricultural recovery and development. Organic fertilizer, as an environmentally friendly agricultural input, may receive policy support.
• International aid opportunities: Many international organizations and non-governmental organizations are carrying out agricultural and environmental protection projects in Afghanistan and may support the construction of organic manure production plant in Afghanistan.

Main challenges

(1) Security and stability issues

• Unstable security situation: Afghanistan has long faced war and conflict, and the unstable security situation may affect the construction and operation of the production line.
• Political and economic uncertainty: Regime change and economic difficulties may lead to policy instability and increase investment risks.

(2) Backward infrastructure

• Insufficient power supply: Afghanistan’s power infrastructure is backward, and the power supply in many areas is unstable, which may affect the normal operation of the fertilizer production line.
• Poor transportation conditions: The imperfect transportation infrastructure increases the difficulty and cost of raw material transportation and product distribution.

(3) Technical and financial constraints

• Backward technology: Afghanistan lacks advanced organic fertilizer production technology and may need to rely on external technical support.
• Lack of funds: The construction of organic manure production plant in Afghanistan requires a certain amount of initial investment, and Afghanistan’s economic difficulties may face challenges in raising funds.

(4) Low market acceptance

• Insufficient farmers’ awareness: Many farmers have limited knowledge of organic fertilizers and may prefer to use traditional fertilizers, which affects the market promotion of organic fertilizers.
• Difficult market promotion: Due to insufficient education and publicity, it takes time and resources to promote the use of organic fertilizers.

Development suggestions

(1) Phased implementation

• Start with a small-scale pilot and gradually expand the production scale to reduce the initial investment risk.
• Select relatively safe areas to build organic fertilizer production lines to ensure operational stability.

(2) Seek international support

• Cooperate with international organizations, non-governmental organizations and foreign companies to seek technical, financial and policy support.
• Participate in international aid projects and incorporate organic fertilizer production into agricultural restoration and environmental protection projects.

(3) Strengthen technology introduction and training

• Introduce advanced organic fertilizer production technology to improve production efficiency and product quality.
• Provide technical training to local employees to improve production and management capabilities.

(4) Market promotion and education

• Through demonstration projects and training, promote the advantages and use of organic fertilizers to farmers and improve market acceptance.
• Cooperate with local agricultural cooperatives and government agencies to promote the use of organic fertilizers.

(5) Improve infrastructure

• Cooperate with the government and international organizations to improve infrastructure such as electricity and transportation to support organic manure production plant in Afghanistan.
• Give priority to areas with relatively complete infrastructure when selecting sites.

The construction of manure fertilizer production lines in Afghanistan has certain potential, especially in terms of agricultural restoration, environmental protection needs and raw material supply.

However, challenges such as security situation, backward infrastructure, technological limitations and low market acceptance cannot be ignored. If these challenges can be effectively addressed through phased implementation, international support, and enhanced technology introduction and market promotion, the manure organic fertilizer production line will be expected to succeed in Afghanistan and contribute to local agricultural development and environmental protection.

If you are interested in building an organic manure production plant in Afghanistan project, feel free to contact RICHI Machinery for technical support on organic fertilizer processing plant design, equipment configuration, production line layout, civil engineering solutions, etc.!